![]() ![]() A national survey of 20,000 individuals from the general population reported that 5.4% had gambling problems. In South Korea, GD has become an important social problem. Various marketing tactics that gambling industry use recently may promote gambling problems. GD also can be associated with death due to suicide. In addition, GD presents many psychiatric comorbidities such as depressive disorder, antisocial personality disorder, anxiety disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and substance-related disorders. GD can severely impact on personal and vocational wellbeing as well as lead to financial problems. Generally, the prevalence of GD has been shown to be 1.2–7.1% in the general population. This diagnostic change reflects longstanding conceptualizations of GD as an addiction. In DSM-5, the most recent version, pathological gambling was re-categorized into the group of substance-related and addictive disorders and renamed GD. The American Psychiatric Association regarded “pathological gambling” as an impulse control disorder in the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Gambling disorder (GD) is defined as “persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behavior leading to clinically significant impairment or distress.” Unlike the long history of substance addiction, GD has rarely been studied as a disease. In addition, it can be used as a reference for designing future research. This review can help clinicians to decide treatment plans for their GD patients. ![]() We also introduce relatively novel treatment modalities. Psychosocial treatments/strategies mainly include cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, and Gamblers Anonymous. ![]() The description of pharmacotherapy mainly focuses on opioid receptor antagonists, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and mood stabilizers. This review refers to newly as well as previously published studies and guidelines. This review describes the available pharmacotherapy/psychosocial treatments for GD patients, and summarizes data on the effectiveness of these GD treatments. GD can severely impact on personal and vocational wellbeing as well as lead to financial problems, and has been known to be difficult to treat. The prevalence of GD has been shown to be 1.2–7.1% in the general population. We conclude that pathological gambling may be a syndrome that includes features of affect instability, impaired cognitive control of impulses, and addiction.Gambling disorder (GD) is defined as persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behavior leading to clinically significant impairment or distress. Other classes of medications such as opioid antagonists, mood stabilizers, and other antidepressants, have also shown promise in the treatment of pathological gambling. ![]() Speculation that pathological gambling may be related to a dimension of impulsivity and obsessive-compulsive disorders prompted trials of medications shown to be efficacious with obsessive-compulsive disorder, such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The rationale for pharmacological approaches during those early stages of this form of intervention was based on attempts to simply block reinforcing affective “thrill” components inherent in gambling or on clinical judgment that drew analogies between the manifestations of repetitive gambling behavior and compulsions. This article provides a brief overview of the development of pharmacological approaches in the treatment of problem or pathological gambling. ![]()
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